Italy, China sign deals worth US$1.27b






ROME: Italian and Chinese firms signed deals worth $1.27 billion (984 million euros) on Wednesday in Rome at talks attended by Prime Minister Mario Monti and senior Chinese politburo member Jia Qinglin.

The six deals included agreements between Chinese telecoms giant Huawei and Italian Internet provider Fastweb for $557 million and between China Everbright and Chinese-owned Italy-based yacht company Ferretti for $480 million.

"These agreements show that many sectors of the Italian economy can attract foreign investors, raising the growth potential of the country and expanding its international exchanges," Monti was quoted as saying in a statement.

Monti has sought to raise Italy's status among international investors.

After a visit to Qatar earlier this month, Italy and Qatar set up a two-billion-euro joint venture for making investments in Italy.

The two countries are set to sign another deal soon for a one-billion-euro fund for small and medium-sized enterprises, the government said.

-AFP/ac



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$2.4 million air-conditioned limo submarine perfect for 007



C-Explorer 5

The red paint job makes it faster, right?



(Credit:
U-Boat Worx)


When I get into a submarine, I expect certain amenities like air conditioning, an
iPod sound system, a screaming red paint job, and a plate of caviar. All except the caviar are available with the C-Explorer 5 from U-Boat Worx.


The $2.4 million C-Explorer 5 is being advertised as the "world's first subsea limousine." It holds five people, has an air conditioning system, can dive down to 1,000 feet, and sports a full 360-degree acrylic pressure hull. Cruising speed is 3 knots underwater.


If the standard features aren't enough, you can add to the price tag with options like an iPod sound system, bow-mounted LED lights, a sampling arm, an HD video camera system, imaging sonars, or an underwater modem. Make your next scientific adventure a luxurious one.



Perhaps the best feature of this floating limo is its 96 hours of emergency life support. Hopefully, you won't need to test that time rating personally.


There are a couple of reasons I won't be getting a C-Explorer 5. For starters, I'm not a gazillionaire. I also live in a land-locked state. I don't think this sub will be seeing much action in the Rio Grande. If I do ever see one of these in person, I fully expect James Bond to emerge from it with a martini in hand.



C-Explorer 5 interior

Here's the view from inside.



(Credit:
U-Boat Worx)


(Via Luxury Launches)


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Black Hole Blast Biggest Ever Recorded


Astronomers have witnessed a record-breaking blast of gas and dust flowing out of a monster black hole more than 11.5 billion light years away.

The supermassive gravity well, with a mass of one to three billion suns, lurks at the core of a quasar—a class of extremely bright and energetic galaxies—dubbed SDSS J1106 1939. (See "Black Hole Blasts Superheated Early Universe.")

"We discovered the most energetic quasar outflow ever seen, at least five times more powerful than any that have been observed to date," said Nahum Arav, an astronomer at Virginia Tech and co-author of the study to be published in The Astrophysical Journal.

Using the powerful telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile, Arav and his team were able to clock the speed and other properties of the outflow.

Belching out material as much as 400 times the weight of our sun every year, the blast is located nearly a thousand light years from the quasar and has a velocity of roughly 18 million miles (29 million kilometers) per hour.

"We were hoping to see something like this, but the sheer power of this outflow still took us by surprise," said Arav.

The central black hole in this quasar is true giant dynamo. It's estimated to be upward of a thousand times more massive than the one in the Milky Way, producing energy at rates about a hundred times higher than the total power output of our galaxy. (See black hole pictures.)

Clues to Galaxy Evolution

Supermassive black holes are large enough to swallow our entire solar system and are notorious for ripping apart and swallowing stars. But they also power distant quasars and spew out material at high speeds.

(See "Monster Black Holes Gobble Binary Stars to Grow?")

The outflows have been suspected to play a key role in the evolution of galaxies, explained Arav, but questions have persisted for years in the astronomical community as to whether they were powerful enough.

This newly discovered super outflow could solve major cosmic mysteries, including how the mass of a galaxy is linked to its central black hole mass and why there is a relative scarcity of large galaxies across the universe.

"I believe this is the smoking gun for several theoretical ideas that use the mechanical energy output of quasars to solve several important problems in the formation of galaxies and cluster of galaxies," said Arav.

While Kirk Korista, an astronomer not connected to the study, believes these claims may be a bit premature, the research is expected to shed new light on the most powerful and least understood portions of typical quasar outflows.

"The superb spectroscopic data of this quasar have allowed for a breakthrough in quantifying the energetics of what is probably a typical quasar outflow," said Korista, an astronomy professor at Western Michigan University.

"This definitely is an important step in piecing together the story of galaxy evolution, and in elucidating the role of quasars in that story."


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Susan Rice Made Allies, Enemies Before Benghazi













United Nations Ambassador Susan Rice, on Capitol Hill this week answering questions about her role after the U.S. consulate attack in Benghazi, has become yet another player in the divide between the left and right, with her possible nomination as the next Secretary of State hanging in the balance.


But who was Susan Rice before she told ABC's "This Week" and other Sunday morning shows the attack was a spontaneous response to an anti-Islam film and not a premeditated act of terror? Four Americans died in the September attack.


Unlike many in government, Rice holds a rare claim to Washington, D.C.: she's a local. She hails from a prominent family with deep ties to the Democratic Party. She was born Nov. 17, 1964 to Emmett Rice, a deputy director at the Treasury Department who served as a member of Jimmy Carter's Federal Reserve board, and Lois Dickson Rice, a former program officer at the Ford Foundation who is now a higher education expert at the Brookings Institution.








McCain, Ayotte 'Troubled' After Susan Rice Meeting Watch Video









President Obama to Senator McCain: 'Go After Me' Watch Video







As a high school student at the all-girl National Cathedral School in Washington, Rice was known as an overachiever; valedictorian, star athlete and class president. After graduating high school in 1982, she went on to study history at Stanford, where she graduated as a Truman scholar and junior Phi Beta Kappa. Rice also attended Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.


The family has roots in Maine. In an interview with the Portland Press Herald in 2008, Lois Dickson Rice said that she held the same high expectations for her children as her mother had held for her. According to the paper, Ambassador Rice's drive to achieve spanned generations. Her maternal grandmother, an immigrant from Jamaica, was named Maine State Mother of the Year in 1950. Rice's father was only the second African-American man to be chosen for the Federal Reserve board.


Two years out of Stanford, Rice joined Massachusetts Democrat Michael Dukakis as a foreign policy aide during his 1988 run for president. After his defeat, Rice tried her hand in the private sector, where she went on to work as a management consultant with McKinsey and Company. After President Clinton's election in 1992, she joined Clinton's National Security Council, eventually joining her mentor, former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. She served as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs.


A profile of the diplomat from Stanford paints the Rices and Albrights as old family friends.


"The Rice and Albright kids went to school together and shared meals at Hamburger Hamlet," Stanford Magazine reported in 2000.




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Banished diseases making a comeback in Europe



































A perfect storm of warmer weather, tropical migrants and plummeting health budgets is stoking the resurgence of once-banished, mosquito-borne diseases in Europe.












Several countries have been hit by Europe's financial crisis, and by diseases brought in by human and insect migrants from tropical countries. Now, the Portuguese island of Madeira is in the midst of Europe's first sustained outbreak of dengue fever since the 1920s, with over 1600 cases so far.











Meanwhile, Greece warned last May that public health cuts might undermine its control of malaria. It has contained sporadic outbreaks since 1990, but local cases surged to 20 in 2011, with eight this year. Public health agencies report that healthcare and surveillance must be "kept intact" to keep malaria from becoming permanent.





















































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If you are having a technical problem posting a comment, please contact technical support.








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Experts comb for clues in deadly German blaze






TITISEE-NEUSTADT, Germany: Experts sifted through a fire-ravaged workshop for the disabled in Germany on Tuesday, hunting for the cause of a fierce blaze there that killed 14 people.

Most of the dead from the fire which began on Monday at the centre in the southwestern town of Titisee-Neustadt in Germany's Black Forest region were disabled, police said.

A 50-year-old female carer was also killed, they said, while another nine people were hurt although their injuries are not thought to be life-threatening.

"Fire experts from the criminal police and accident investigators were on site during the night gathering evidence," a police spokesman told AFP.

Hundreds of firefighters backed by helicopters had battled the fire at the workshop run by the Roman Catholic Caritas welfare association for the mentally and physically disabled which made Christmas decorations among other things.

Candles have been placed outside the modern building whose windows were broken, and police stood at the entrance while more officers combed through the blackened interior.

Up to 60 people were in the centre at the time of the fire, which broke out just before 2 pm (1300 GMT) and spread quickly, damaging one floor of the site in Titisee-Neustadt, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) from the city of Freiburg.

Pope Benedict XVI sent his condolences, saying in a telegram he would remember in his prayers the victims of this "tragic accident", according to the Freiburg archbishopric.

A memorial service has been planned for Saturday at a local cathedral, the mayor's office said.

Among the dead were 13 disabled people, of whom 10 were women. They were all aged between 28 and 68, according to a police statement.

The cause of the fire was still unclear. "The investigations are not yet finished" but are continuing "relentlessly", police said.

On Monday police had said an explosion had taken place.

It was not clear whether chemicals were stored in the building but the workshop's activities included the treatment of wood.

Gotthard Benitz, of the Titisee-Neustadt fire service, told AFP that the fire began on the ground floor of the building which also had a basement and an upper floor.

"The victims were all on the same floor where the fire was," he said adding this was the only area to have sustained fire damage and the stairwell had remained smoke-free meaning those on the other two floors had been able to use it.

"We have no evidence that there were any shortcomings in the existing fire safety system," he added.

He also said firefighters were prepared for dealing with an emergency at the workshop as practice fire alarms were regularly carried out there, with the last one having been last year.

Two firefighters were lightly injured by smoke and spent the night under observation in hospital.

On Monday another local fire chief Alexander Widmaier had said firefighters were on the scene within six minutes and that there had been a "massive" amount of smoke that filled the building "extremely quickly".

The head of Caritas in Germany, Peter Neher, told ZDF public television that emergency practice drills were done regularly.

"But everyone knows who has taken part in such a drill, that the practice is one thing and when it's really an emergency situation, everyone reacts very individually," he said.

Local resident Dietlinde Kerler said she had thought a practice drill was underway initially as she watched from her balcony.

"Those in wheelchairs came out of the back and they even carried one... Only then did we notice that it was smouldering, that it was burning, the real thing," she said.

-AFP/ac



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Google fighting German plan for linking fee



Google has kicked off a campaign against a proposed German law that would force search engine providers to pay copyright fees every time they return a news article in their results.


The Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger, or "ancillary copyright for press publishers," would provide an extension of copyright in Germany to cover snippets of articles, such as those that show up in search results so the user can tell what each result is about. It is being proposed by Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition and follows intense lobbying by publishing giant Axel Springer and others.


Google today launched a petition against the plan, arguing that they would make it much harder for Web surfers to find what they are looking for. Google has complained about the Leistungsschutzrecht before, but is now stepping up its opposition due to the fact that the bill will be debated this week in the Bundestag. "Most people have never heard of this proposed legislation," Google country director Stefan Tweraser said in a statement. "Such a law would affect every Internet user in Germany [and] mean less information for consumers and higher costs for companies."


Read more
of "Google launches petition against German 'link tax' proposals" at ZDNet.


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Space Pictures This Week: Space "Horse," Mars Rover, More





































































































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GOP Senators More Troubled After Rice Meeting













Emerging from a closed-door meeting, three Republican senators said Tuesday they are more troubled than ever with comments made days after the deadly Sept. 11 raid in Libya by Susan Rice, the U.N. ambassador and President Barack Obama's possible choice for secretary of state.



Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham and Kelly Ayotte met privately with Rice and acting CIA Director Michael Morell for more than an hour on her much-maligned explanations of the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, that killed the U.S. ambassador and three other Americans.



Ayotte said Rice told the lawmakers that her comments in a series of national television interviews five days after the attack were wrong. However, that failed to mollify the three lawmakers, who have talked about blocking her nomination if the president taps her to succeed Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.



"We are significantly troubled by many of the answers that we got and some that we didn't get concerning evidence that was leading up to the attack on the consulate and the tragic death of four brave Americans and whether Ambassador Rice was prepared, or informed sufficiently, to give the American people the correct depiction of the events that took place," McCain told reporters.



Said Graham: "Bottom line I'm more disturbed now than I was before that 16 September explanation."








Sen. Lindsey Graham and Sen. Dick Durbin on 'This Week' Watch Video










The three insisted that they need more information about the Libyan raid before they even consider Rice as a possible replacement for Clinton.



"I'm more troubled today," said Ayotte, who argued that it was clear in the days after the attack that it was terrorism and not a spontaneous demonstration prompted by an anti-Muslim video.



Despite lingering questions over her public comments after the Benghazi attack, Rice has emerged as the front-runner on a short list of candidates to succeed Clinton, with Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., seen as her closest alternative.



The strong statements from the three senators clouded Rice's prospects only two days after Republican opposition seem to be softening. Rice planned meetings on Wednesday with Sen. Bob Corker of Tennessee, who is in line to become the top Republican on the Foreign Relations Committee, and Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine.



Corker said Tuesday that he had concerns with a possible nomination.



"When I hear Susan talk she seems to me like she'd be a great chairman of the Democratic National Committee," Corker said. "There is nobody who is more staff supportive of what the administration does. That concerns me in a secretary of state."



Rice's series of meetings on Capitol Hill will be a critical test both for Republicans, who will decide whether they can support her, and the administration, which must gauge whether Rice has enough support to merit a nomination.



A senior Senate aide said the administration was sounding out moderate members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, such as Corker and Sen. Johnny Isakson, R-Ga. Assessing the prospects for Rice before Obama makes any announcement would avoid the embarrassment of a protracted fight with the Senate early in the president's second term and the possible failure of the nominee.



Rice is scheduled to meet with Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., her most vocal critic on Capitol Hill, and Sen. Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H. McCain and Ayotte are members of the Senate Armed Services Committee.





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Arafat's bones could reveal polonium poisoning








































The body of Yasser Arafat is set to be exhumed tomorrow in an effort to determine whether his death in 2004 was caused by polonium-210 poisoning. Tests earlier this year found unusually high levels of the radioactive material on the former Palestinian leader's clothes and toothbrush, but it's still unclear whether Arafat was murdered. Could tests on his bones eight years after his death finally solve the mystery?













Why is Arafat's death such a puzzle?
When Arafat died at a French military hospital, his doctors could not establish a cause of death. Medical records obtained by The New York Times in 2005 suggest he died from a stroke resulting from a bleeding disorder caused by an unknown infection. But Swiss scientists working with the Al Jazeera news organisation tested a urine stain on Arafat's underwear for radioactive polonium-210 and found that it measured 180 millibecquerels (mBq). They also found 54 mBq on his toothbrush. A control garment belonging to Arafat measured just 6.7 mBq.












Those results were deemed inconclusive, as Arafat's possessions could have been contaminated after his death. However, after hearing a deposition from Arafat's widow, Suha, French prosecutors decided to open a murder inquiry in August that is still ongoing.












What is polonium-210, and what can it do to the body?
Polonium-210 is normally created in nuclear reactors. It is highly radioactive, and ingesting even small doses can be fatal. After entering the bloodstream, it goes predominantly to the liver and kidneys along with the bone marrow, says Patrick Regan, who studies radiation physics at the University of Surrey in Guildford, UK.











Former Soviet spy Alexander Litvinenko, who died from the first documented case of polonium poisoning in 2006, was initially admitted to hospital with severe diarrhoea and vomiting. His hair later fell out and his skin turned yellow, indicating liver problems before his death. Arafat was also vomiting and had flu-like symptoms when he went into hospital.













Why choose polonium-210 instead of another poison?
Polonium-210 can be rendered tasteless in a solution as a citrate, nitrate or other salt, making it easy to slip into a drink undetected. It also emits short-range alpha radiation, which cannot be picked up by airport scanners, making it very easy to smuggle into a country.












Who will exhume the body, and what will they do?
Arafat's widow Suha Arafat requested his exhumation from his mausoleum in Ramallah, to which the Palestinian Authority has agreed. Swiss, French and Russian scientists will take samples from Arafat's bones, says Tawfik Tirawi, who heads the Swiss-Palestinian team investigating the death alongside the French investigation. Arafat will then be reburied the same day.












Can they really detect a deadly dose after all this time?
Polonium-210 has a half-life of 138 days, meaning the radioactivity of a sample drops by half during that period. Arafat died more than eight years ago, equivalent to around 22 half-lives. That means just one part in 2.5 million of the original source would remain, says Regan. "That sounds tiny, but if he had enough in him to kill him, it is very measurable," he says. "If there is a significant amount above background in his bones, that would be pretty convincing."












Where would any purported assassins get polonium-210 from?
The main source is a specific type of Russian nuclear facility called a molten bismuth-cooled reactor. However, tracing the exact origin of any polonium-210 found in Arafat's bones would be very difficult, says Regan – that is where the science ends and police work begins.












So if they find it in Arafat's bones, does that definitely mean he was murdered?
If investigators find elevated levels of polonium-210 similar to those found on Arafat's clothes, it would point to poisoning as a likely cause of death. "If he came into contact with polonium, it is likely to have been an attempt at poisoning," says Roger Jewsbury, a chemist at the University of Huddersfield, UK. On the other hand, low levels of polonium-210 exist in nature, so the presence of only trace amounts would seem to rule out foul play.












The results can be further corroborated by looking for accompanying natural radiation sources such as lead-210, lead-214 or bismuth-214, which are part of the natural polonium-210 decay chain and so would not be present if Arafat had been poisoned. Tirawi did not specify when results would be announced, but he says it could take months.


















































If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.




































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